Exploring plant-based dengue therapeutics: from laboratory to clinic

Rehman, Bisma; Ahmed, Akhlaq; Khan, Saeed; Saleem, Nida; Naseer, Faiza; Ahmad, Sagheer

doi:10.1186/s40794-024-00232-1

Tropical Diseases, Travel Medicine and Vaccines

Table 1 In vitro studies for pharmacologically active medicinal plants DENV infection treatment

From: Exploring plant-based dengue therapeutics: from laboratory to clinic

Plant	Part used	Family	Potential Phytocompounds	Dose	Mode of action/Target protein	Reference
*Alternanthera photoperiods*	WP	Amaranthaceae	Hexamethyl-3,3-bis[trimethylsilyl) oxy]trisiloxane, S,S-dioxide trans-2-methyl-4-Npentylthiane, didodecylphthalate	47.43 μg/ml	Inhibition of virus	[57]
*Andrographis paniculata*	Leaves	Flaviviridae	Diterpenoids, flavonoids and polyphenols	500 μg	Decrease in viral load	[97]
*Acorus calamus*	Leaves	Acoracea	Artesunic acid	-	NS5	[101]
*Cladogynos orientalis*	WP	Euphorbiaceae	Chlorogenic acid, catechin, epicechin, caffeic acid, vanilla acid, coumaric acid, quercetin, rutin	12.5 μg/ml-100 μg/ml	Inactivated viral particles	[62]
*Euphorbia hirta*	WP	Euphorbiaceae	Triterpene and flavonoids	100 μg/ml	Reduced DENV-2 plaque	[114]
*Flagellaria indica*	WP	Flagellariaceae	Flavonoids, tannins, saponins, steroids, triterpenoids, alkaloids	312 μg/ml	Inactivated viral particles	[62]
*Flacourtia ramontchi*	Stem, barks	Salicaceae	Betulinic acid 3β-caffeate, flacourtosides A and E (1 and 5), scolochinenoside D	0.85 µM	Inhibits RNA polymerase	[26]
*Faramea bahinensis*	Leaves	Rubiaceae	Flavone glycoside	100-200 μg/ml	Viral replication inhibition	[84]
*Faramea bahinensis*	Leaves	Rubiaceae	Phenolics, flavonoids	50 μg/ml	Reduced viral load	[127]
*Hippophae rhamnoides*	Leaves	Elaeagnaceae	Carotenoids, tocopherols, sterols, flavonoids, lipids, ascorbic acid. tannins	50 μg/ml	Reduction in TNF-α and plaque	[55]
*Houttuynia cordata*	Aerial parts	Saururaceae	Hyperoside, quercetin, quercitrin, and rutin	10–50 μg/ml	Reduced RNA production and E-protein	[33, 66]
*Faramea hyacinthina and Faramea truncata*	Leaves	Rubiaceae	Antiviral flavanone (2S)-isosakuranetin-7-O-β-d-apiofuranosyl-(1 → 6)-β-d-glucopyranoside (1)	50 μg/ml	Viral load reduction	[17]
*Justicia adhatoda*	Leaves	Acanthaceae	Flavonoids	1.2 mg extract	Reduced plaque formation	[126]
*Piper retrofractum*	WP	Piperaceae	Alkaloids, amides, prophenylphenols, lignans,	12–62 µg/ml	Inactivated viral particles	[62]
*Psidium guajava*	Leaves	Myrtaceae	Quercetin and catechin	19.2 µg/ml	DENV-2 replication	[118]
*Phyllanthus sp*	WP	Phyllanthaceae	Gallic acid, rutin,geraniin, quercetin glucoside	15.63–250 µg/ml	NS3, and NS2bNS3	[67]
*Quersus lucitanica*	Seeds	Fagaceae	flavonoids, alkaloids, sterols, polyphenols, tannins, volatile oils	0.25 mg/ml	NS1 downregulation	[79]
*Rhizophora apiculata*	WP	Rhizophoraceae	Dunnianoside E, ( +)-dihydroquercetin, 2,6- dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone	12.5–100 µg/ml	Inactivated viral particles	[62]
*Spondias mombin*	Leaves	Anacardiaceae	Rutin, and quercetin	362-500 µg/ml	Inhibits viral replication	[109]
*Uncaria tomentosa*	Stem, bark	Rubiaceae	Pentacyclic oxindole alkaloids	100 µg	Reduced viral replication, immunomodulation	[100]
*Annona muricata*	leaves	Annonaceae	Alkaloids, phenols, and acetogenins	0.20–2.5 mg/ml	E-proteins viral replication	[120, 121]
*Catharanthus roseus*	Leaves	Apocynaceae	Alkaloids and flavonoids	0.025–0.13 mg/ml	Enhanced viricidal effects	[1]
*Orthosiphon stamineus*	Leaves	Lamiaceae	α-pinene, 1, 8-cineol, borneol, linalool, camphor, eugenol, p-cynene, carvone, d-cdinene	5 mg/ml	Host-virus interactions	[120, 121]

^aWP Whole Plant

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ISSN: 2055-0936

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