Table 1 Overview of MPXV Epidemiology
From: Monkeypox: a re-emergent virus with global health implications – a comprehensive review
Year/Date | Location/Region | Clade/Lineage | Key Events | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
2018 | Nigeria | West African clade | Human monkeypox identified in individuals visiting or in contact with travelers from Nigeria. | [25] |
May 14, 2022 | Multiple countries | Unclear origin | Clusters of mpox cases reported, no direct travel-related exposure risks. | [25] |
May 18–20, 2022 | Portugal, Spain, Canada, Belgium, Sweden, Italy, Australia | Clade IIb | First reported cases in several European countries and Australia during the multi-country outbreak. | |
May 29, 2022 | Global | Various clades | WHO raised a mild danger for global public health from mpox in non-endemic countries. | [32] |
July 23, 2022 | Global | Various clades | WHO declared the ongoing global monkeypox outbreak a public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC). | [32] |
November 4, 2022 | United States and globally | Various clades | CDC reported 78,229 confirmed cases and 41 deaths in 109 countries. | [33] |
April 11–13, 2024 | Kinshasa, Central and West Africa | Clade Ib (DRC), Clade IIa | High-level emergency meeting held to address the persistent mpox pandemic. | |
August 19, 2024 | Africa (multiple countries) | Clade Ib, Clade Ia, Clade II | WHO reported over 1,854 confirmed mpox cases in the WHO African Region, with a surge in the DRC. | [35] |
July 2024 | DRC, Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, Uganda | Clade Ib | Emergence of MPXV clade Ib in new regions, associated with sexual contact and commercial sex networks. | [35] |
2024 | Republic of Congo, Central African Republic, Cameroon, Côte d’Ivoire, Liberia, Nigeria, South Africa | Clades Ia, IIa, IIb | Continued spread of MPXV clades across Africa, significant outbreaks affecting adults. | [35] |