Table 1 Major characteristics of the included studies
Study ID [references] | Country | Study Period | Species | Sample size | Detection Method | Target antigen/antibodies/RNA | Reported Virus |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Al-Ghamdi, 2014 [18] | Saudi Arabia | 2007 | Horses | 63 | ELISA | Anti-WNV | WNV |
Al Azraqi 2013 [19] | Saudi Arabia | 2008 | Human | 389 | ELISA | Anti-RVFV IgG and IgM | RVFV |
Al Balushi 2023 [20] | Oman | 1 Feb. to 15 April 2022 | Human | 250 | ELISA and RT-PCR | DENV-NS1, Anti-DENV IgM and IgG, viral RNA | DENV |
Al-Afaleq 2012 [21] | Saudi Arabia | NR | Sheep, Goat, Cattle and Camel | 3,480 | ELISA | Anti-RVFV IgG | RVFV |
Al-Azraqi 2012 [22] | Saudi Arabia | NR | Human | 2322 | ELISA | Anti-RVFV IgG and IgM | RVFV |
Al-Azraqi 2013 [23] | Saudi Arabia | 2008 | Human | 62 | ELISA | Anti-RVFV IgG and IgM | RVFV |
Al-Azraqi 2013 [24] | Saudi Arabia | NR | Human | 965 | ELISA | DENV-specific IgG | DENV |
Alguridi 2023 [25] | Saudi Arabia | 2018 | Human | 21 | RT-PCR | Viral RNA | CHIKV |
Alhaj 2015 [26] | Saudi Arabia | Aug. 2013 to Dec. 2013 | Sheep and Goats | 4930 | ELISA | Anti-RVFV IgG and IgM | RVFV |
Alhaj 2019 [27] | Saudi Arabia | 2004 to 2018 | Sheep and Goats | 330 | ELISA | Anti-RVFV IgG and IgM | RVFV |
Alkharsah 2021 [28] | Saudi Arabia | 2014 to 2017 | Human, Pigeons and Horses | 752 | ELISA | Anti-WNV IgG | WNV |
Almasri 2019 [29] | Saudi Arabia | Oct. 2013 | Human | 80 | RT-PCR | Viral RNA | RVFV |
Alqahtani 2020 [30] | Saudi Arabia | Nov. 2016 and July 2017 | Human | 410 | ELISA, RT-PCR | Anti-DENV IgG, viral RNA | DENV |
Alqahtani 2020 [31] | Saudi Arabia | March to Nov. 2017 | Horses | 92 | ELISA | Anti-WNV IgM and IgG | WNV |
Al-Raddadi 2019 [32] | Saudi Arabia | Sept. 2016 to Jan. 2017 | Human | 6,397 | ELISA | Anti-DENV IgG | DENV |
Al-Saeed 2017 [33] | Saudi Arabia | Jan. 2010 and Dec. 2015 | Human | 690 | RT-PCR | Viral RNA | DENV |
Alshabi 2022 [34] | Saudi Arabia | 2012 to 2020 | Human | 6637 | RT-PCR | Viral RNA | DENV |
Ashshi 2015 [35] | Saudi Arabia | Jan. to April 2014 | Human | 100 | ELISA | DENV-NS1, IgM and IgG | DENV |
Ashshi 2017 [36] | Saudi Arabia | March 2015 and Aug. 2016 | Human | 910 | ELISA | DENV-NS1, IgM and IgG | DENV |
Ayyub 2006 [37] | Saudi Arabia | May 2004 to April 2005 | Human | 80 | ELISA | Anti-DENV IgM and IgG | DENV |
Azhar 2010 [38] | Saudi Arabia | 2006 to 2008 | Human | 233 | CC, RT-PCR, IFA | Virus isolation, Viral RNA | DENV |
Azhar 2010 [39] | Saudi Arabia | 2004 to 2006 | Human | 2476 | ELISA | Anti-RVFV IgG | RVFV |
Boshra 2015 [40] | Saudi Arabia | 2007 and 2013 to 2014 | Sheep and Goats | 685 | VNT | Anti-RVFV antibodies | RVFV |
Dafalla 2021 [41] | Saudi Arabia | 2020 | Human | 192 | RT-PCR | Viral RNA | DENV |
Dafalla 2023 [42] | Saudi Arabia | 2019 | Human | 482 | RT-PCR | Viral RNA | DENV |
Dargham 2021 [43] | Qatar | 2013 to 2016 | Human | 1948 | ELISA | Anti-WNV IgM and IgG | WNV |
EL Mekki 2014 [44] | Saudi Arabia | 2013 | Human | 965 | ELISA | Anti-DENV IgM | DENV |
El-Badry 2014 [45] | Saudi Arabia | 2008 to 2009 | Human | 1,578 | ELISA, RT-PCR | Anti-DENV IgM and IgG, viral RNA | DENV |
Elfadil 2006 [46] | Saudi Arabia | Aug. to Oct. 2004 | Sheep and Goats | 6143 | ELISA | Anti-RVFV IgM and IgG | RVFV |
Elsheikh 2011 [47] | Saudi Arabia | 2009 to 2010 | Humans and Animals | 2850 | ELISA | Anti-RVF IgM and IgG | RVFV |
Gamil 2014 [48] | Saudi Arabia | April 2010 to March 2011 | Human | 553 | ELISA | DENV-NS1, Anti-DENV IgM and IgG | DENV |
Hakami 2018a [49] | Saudi Arabia | NR | Human | 123 | RT-PCR | Viral RNA | DENV |
Hakami 2018b [50] | Saudi Arabia | 2017 and 2018 | Human | 189 | ELISA, RT-PCR | Viral RNA, DENV-NS1, Anti-DENV IgM and IgG | DENV |
Hakami 2021 [51] | Saudi Arabia | Dec. 2019 and Feb. 2020 | Human | 40 | ELISA, RT-PCR | AntiCHIKV IgG, viral RNA | CHIKV |
Haroun 2017 [52] | Qatar | 2006 and 2014 | Horses | 260 | ELISA | Anti-WNV IgM | WNV |
Hemida 2019 [53] | Saudi Arabia | 2013 to 2015 | Horses | 200 | ELISA and MNT | NR | WNV |
Humphrey 2019 [54] | Qatar | June 2013 to June 2016 | Human | 1992 | ELISA | Anti-DENV and anti-CHIKV IgG | CHIKV and DENV |
Jamjoom 2016 [55] | Saudi Arabia | NR | Human | 1939 | ELISA | Anti-DENV IgG | DENV |
Madani 2003 [56] | Saudi Arabia | Aug. 2000 to Sept. 2001 | Human | 834 | ELISA | Anti-RVFV IgM, RVFV antigen | RVFV |
Memish 2015 [57] | Saudi Arabia | 2012 | Human | 350 | ELISA, RT-PCR | Anti-RVFV IgG and viral RNA | RVFV |
Mohamed 2011 [58] | Saudi Arabia | Nov. 2009 | Sheep and Goats | 580 | ELISA | Anti-RVFV IgM and IgG | RVFV |
Mohamed 2014 [59] | Saudi Arabia | Nov. 2011 | Human, Sheep and Goats | 600 | ELISA | Anti-RVFV IgM and IgG | RVFV |
Organji 2017 [60] | Saudi Arabia | NR | Human | 25 | RT-PCR | Viral RNA | DENV |
Zailayee 2008 [61] | Saudi Arabia | April to Aug. 2007 | Human | 305 | CC, ELISA, IFA, RT-PCR | Viral RNA, anti-DENV IgM and IgG | DENV |